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It appears in the verb “annihilate,” meaning to bring to nothing, to destroy completely. “Nihilism” comes from the Latin nihil, or nothing, which means not anything, that which does not exist. If we survived the process of destroying all interpretations of the world, we could then perhaps discover the correct course for humankind. It’s helpful to note, then, that he believed we could–at a terrible price–eventually work through nihilism. Interestingly, Nietzsche himself, a radical skeptic preoccupied with language, knowledge, and truth, anticipated many of the themes of postmodernity. As he predicted, nihilism’s impact on the culture and values of the 20th century has been pervasive, its apocalyptic tenor spawning a mood of gloom and a good deal of anxiety, anger, and terror. It has been over a century now since Nietzsche explored nihilism and its implications for civilization. By the end of the century, existential despair as a response to nihilism gave way to an attitude of indifference, often associated with antifoundationalism. Mid-century, for example, the existentialists helped popularize tenets of nihilism in their attempts to blunt its destructive potential. In the 20th century, nihilistic themes– epistemological failure, value destruction, and cosmic purposelessness–have preoccupied artists, social critics, and philosophers. While few philosophers would claim to be nihilists, nihilism is most often associated with Friedrich Nietzsche who argued that its corrosive effects would eventually destroy all moral, religious, and metaphysical convictions and precipitate the greatest crisis in human history. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy.
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It is often associated with extreme pessimism and a radical skepticism that condemns existence. Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated.